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Tomb M38 at the Zhaizita stone-walled site in North China's Inner Mongolia Auton omous Region Photo: Xinhua News AgencyChinese archaeologists have discovered the earliest known pairing of dragon and phoenix clay sculptures in northern China, unearthed from a 4,300-year-old tomb in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, offering fresh insight into the ritual beliefs of the Longshan culture (3000 to 1900 BC), the Xinhua News Agency reported on Wednesday.
The two figurines were placed symmetrically on either side of a skeleton in a rectangular earth-pit tomb at the Zhaizita stone-walled site, a major Longshan culture settlement spanning 420,000 square meters in Inner Mongolia's Jungar Banner, Ordos City.
Radiocarbon dating places the burial at approximately 2300 BC, during the late Neolithic Longshan culture, per Xinhua.
Sun Jinsong, head of the Inner Mongolia Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, told the Global Times that the tomb owner was buried lying face-up with limbs extended and head pointing northeast.
A turquoise-inlaid jade disc rested near the right side of the body's neck. The dragon-shaped clay piece was positioned on the right side of the body, aligned with the head, while the phoenix-shaped piece on the left was rendered as if soaring upward.
Stable isotope analysis of dental enamel collagen revealed a diet based on millet agriculture but with an unusually high intake of animal protein or special food resources.
"The findings indicate the tomb owner possessed prominent social status and privileged material resources during their lifetime," Sun said.
Sun emphasized the discovery rewrites the timeline of tangible dragon-phoenix symbolism in northern China.
"This is the earliest and most clearly defined dragon-phoenix combination found in northern China so far. It pushes back the materialized representation of dragon and phoenix to the Longshan era," Sun said. "The find provides precious material for studying the spiritual beliefs and funeral concepts of the Longshan people."
Sun added that the discovery underscores the unique contributions of the Hetao region - the great bend of the Yellow River - to early spiritual and cultural creativity in China, supporting the view that Chinese civilization developed through a pattern of unity in diversity.
According to media reports, the Longshan culture is renowned for advanced stone city construction, sophisticated handicraft techniques and mature ritual systems across the Yellow River basin.
Perched along the Yellow River basin, the Zhaizita stone-walled site ranks among the earliest known stone-enclosed fortress and ceremonial sites in northern China.
。 《日报》全媒体记者 张宝成
12月25日，是常雅辉51岁生日，一大家子8口人共聚公公王守清家，为她送去真挚的祝福。当天也是王守清老两口搬进新房整50天，看到晚辈们欢歌笑语，王守清泪眼婆娑，周身被温暖包裹。
74岁的王守清与73岁的老伴儿李翠英住在绥中县秋子沟乡大杨树沟村，洪灾发生后，他们家的老房子被冲毁，经过当地政府帮扶、社会各界爱心人士捐赠及自身努力，11月初，他们搬进了宽敞明亮的四间新房。
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李翠英（前）与王守清一起贴对联。《日报》全媒体记者 杨兵 摄
回忆起见到新房那一刻，王守清仍难掩激动之情，“屋里设施一应俱全，跟城里楼房似的。我做梦都没想到能住进这么好的房子，多亏了党的好政策及乡村干部鼎力相助。水果卖了3万多元，收成不错，我和老伴儿很知足。”
王守清与儿子同住在一个村子里，孙子也娶妻生子，全家共有8口人，重孙子11个月了。谈及天伦之乐，李翠英说，洪灾后心里产生的阴霾早已烟消云散，取而代之的是安宁和幸福。“平时我和老伴儿帮忙带孩子，年轻人都在外打工，再干20天左右，将全部回家。”
常雅辉生日这天，一家人还是聚到了一起。几个年轻人忙前忙后，做了酸菜炖五花肉、红烧肉、蒜薹炒肉、青椒炒肉、银耳拌山楂五个菜。“挺丰盛的，我非常知足、开心。公公婆婆年纪大了，这辈子挺不容易的，晚辈一定要满满孝心。
C | 借着这次团聚，希望老两口晚年生活红红火火。”
再过几天就是新年了，王守清喝了一口老酒，站起身，郑重其事地说，过上好日子，千万不要忘记党恩。待来年春暖花开，一定要奔赴各自的“战场”，为建设和美家乡贡献力量。几名晚辈频频点头。
双喜临门。当天，市人大代表、著名国画家、书法家杨木写了多幅对联及福字送给受灾群众，表达一名文艺工作者对他们温暖的问候。当在新房大门前贴上写有“福星高照全家福，春光耀辉满堂春”的对联时，李翠英笑容绽放，说“像中了彩头一样，是入住新房后收到的最称心如意的礼物”。
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