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加州理工学院的太空太阳能项目为其第一个轨道原型做准备_我的网站

A |     为什么研究人员想在太空中收集太阳能？他们认为在太空中24小时可以获得几乎无限的太阳能，没有大气层的阻碍，更不用说受天气或障碍物影响。    NEW DELHI -- India’s top court on Tuesday refused to legalize same-sex marriages, passing the responsibility back to Parliament in a ruling that disappointed campaigners for LGBTQ+ rights in the world's most populous country. Chief Justice DY Chandrachud also urged the government to uphold the rights of the queer community and end discrimination against them. Earlier this year, the five-judge bench heard 21 petitions that sought to legalize same-sex marriage. Chandrachud said there were degrees of agreement and disagreement among the justices “on how far we have to go” on same-sex marriages, but a majority of the judges agreed that the court cannot grant LGBTQ+ people the right to marry as that is a legislative function. “This court can’t make law. It can only interpret it and give effect to it,” the chief justice said, reiterating that it was up to Parliament to decide whether it could expand marriage laws to include queer unions.One of the petitioners, Mario da Penha, said it was “a day to be disappointed but not to lose hope.”“There's been tremendous work that has gone into these petitions, and many hopes and dreams of the queer community attached to them - to lead lives that most other Indians take for granted. The fact that the dream could not come to fruition today is a disappointment for all of us,” he said.He added that it was not yet clear if the court had set a mandate or timeline for Parliament to act. “Without that mandate, there is no pressure on Parliament to enact any legislation.”“There are queer couples today that are already families and in relationships, and are pillars of society. That they are not afforded the dignity and rights that they are due is deeply disappointing,” said Karuna Nundy, one of the lawyers representing the petitioners. Legal rights for LGBTQ+ people in India have been expanding over the past decade, mostly as a result of the Supreme Court’s intervention. In 2018, the top court struck down a colonial-era law that had made gay sex punishable by up to 10 years in prison and expanded constitutional rights for the gay community. The decision was seen as a historic victory for LGBTQ rights, with one judge saying it would “pave the way for a better future."Despite this progress, Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s government resisted the legal recognition of same-sex marriage and rejected several petitions in favor. During the hearings, the government argued that a marriage is only between a biological male and a biological woman, adding that same-sex marriages went against religious values and that the petitions reflected only “urban elitist views”. Religious groups too had opposed same-sex unions, saying they went against Indian culture.Adish Aggarwala, the president of the Supreme Court bar association, said the court had done the right thing by recognizing that this was a job for Parliament, an argument the government also made during the hearings. Lawyers for the petitioners argued that marriage is between two people, not just a man and woman. They said concepts of marriage have gradually changed with time and laws should acknowledge that. By not recognizing such unions, the government was depriving same-sex couples of their right to equality enshrined in the constitution and rights enjoyed by married heterosexual couples, from adoption and medical insurance to pensions and inheritance, they argued. “This court needs to push society to acknowledge same-sex marriage,” one of the lawyers said.Petitioners were hopeful that the Supreme Court could challenge the government’s position.But even as some of the justices urged that the state must make sure queer couples don't face harassment or discrimination in accessing basic needs, like opening a joint bank account, they stopped short of granting legal recognition to same-sex unions. Instead, the court accepted the government's offer to set up a special panel that will explore granting social and legal benefits to same-sex couples. Homosexuality has long carried a stigma in India’s traditional society, even though there has been a shift in attitudes toward same-sex couples in recent years. India now has openly gay celebrities and some high-profile Bollywood films have dealt with gay issues. According to a Pew survey, acceptance of homosexuality in India increased by 22 percentage points to 37% between 2013 and 2019.But same-sex couples often face harassment in many Indian communities, whether Hindu, Muslim or Christian.India is estimated to have at least 2.5 million LGBTQ+ people, according to government figures from 2012. However, gay rights activists and global estimates believe they number at least 10% of the population, or more than 135 million.In May, Taiwan became the first jurisdiction in Asia to recognize same-sex marriages. In July, Nepal's Supreme Court issued an interim order enabling the registration of same-sex marriages for the first time. It is still not clear when the court would make its final decision on the case.。每平方米太阳能电池板在太空中的能源潜力是地球上的八倍。问题一直是如何做到这一点--以及事实上，它将花费多少钱。

B | 在太空中发射、组装和维护设备的成本是天文数字。

C | 一个有价值的太空太阳能装置的规模是令人难以置信的，而前所未有的问题在旅程的每一步都带来巨大的障碍。加州理工学院的一个团队并不气馁，而且确实被这一挑战所激励，他们已经在太空太阳能项目上工作了近十年。早在2013年，Irvine公司董事长(Donald Bren就为该项目提供了超过1亿美元的惊人捐赠--这笔捐赠最近才被披露，2015年诺斯罗普-格鲁曼公司又为该项目提供了1750万美元的资金。该项目基本上是在三个方面进行的。一个小组一直在研究重量极轻的高效光伏电池，其功率重量比甚至比目前在国际空间站和现代卫星上使用的太阳能电池板高出50-100倍。

D | 第二个团队专注于开发超轻、微型、低成本的设备，将来自太阳能电池板的直流电转换为射频功率，然后将其传送到地球上，使用相位操纵将光束电子化地引导到地面上的接收器阵列。这两个团队已经将他们的进展结合到一个“瓦片”的功能原型中--大约10平方厘米，结合了太阳能捕获、转换为射频和无线传输。

E | 这些高度集成、非常灵活的“瓦片”，每块的重量不到十分之一盎司（不到2.8克），它们被设计成可折叠的配置，基本上没有浪费的空间，被放入运载火箭并送入轨道，在那里它们会自己展开。因此，整个空间太阳能阵列被设想为一个超模块化的组件。

F | 这些“瓦片”被设计成2米宽的条状，长度可达60米。这些条状物被整合成大约60×60米的模块。因此，第三个小组一直在研究如何建立一个全尺寸的阵列，将数以千计的“瓦片”组合成模块，并将数以千计的模块组合成一个巨大的太阳能收集和传输阵列，面积约为9平方公里。这个小组得到的挑战是为这些模块创造超轻、超薄的空间结构，这些结构可以非常紧密地折叠起来，然后自主地展开成巨大的模块，并在阵列像飞毯一样在太空中呼啸时保持其形状和位置。

G | 这个团队已经做了一些惊人的工作；受日本折纸和卷纸的启发，他们已经设计并制作了卷曲、折叠、自组装的结构原型--包括可卷曲的接头--每平方米仅重150克。

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Published on:12:13:22