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Climeworks计划逐步淘汰其第一代碳清除技术_我的网站

A |     SACRAMENTO, Calif. -- California officials on Thursday faulted communities in a stretch of the crop-rich San Joaquin Valley for failing to develop a plan to adequately protect groundwater in the often drought-plagued state.The state's water resources board set an April hearing to determine whether the Tulare Lake Subbasin in the heart of California's farm country should be placed on probation. It is the first time the state has made such a move, and the first step in a lengthy process that could end up requiring large farms in the area to report groundwater use and pay fees.California is starting to regulate the pumping of groundwater after years of drought and overpumping left rural residents’ wells dry and led to subsidence, or the sinking of land, in some communities. Both issues have affected the largely agricultural region, which is home to 145,000 people, and stand to worsen absent revisions to the local groundwater plan, officials said.“This is an urgent issue,” said Natalie Stork, an official at the State Water Resources Control Board. “There are urgent impacts from continued overdraft in these basins.”The state enacted a 2014 law tasking communities with forming groundwater agencies and making plans to manage the resource sustainably, starting with the most critically overdrafted basins, including the Tulare Lake Subbasin.Five groundwater agencies joined together come up with a plan for the subbasin where farmers grow cotton, almonds and pistachios. But the plan was one of six that California's Department of Water Resources deemed inadequate this year.Now, the State Water Resources Control Board will hold a hearing April 16 to decide whether to place the Tulare Lake Subbasin on probation. If it does, large pumpers would report their groundwater usage and pay fees while the local agencies draft a new plan for the basin. If they don't, the board could eventually implement its own plan.Many communities rely mainly or solely on groundwater for drinking water and farmers count on it for irrigation, especially in a drought. California muddled through a spell of dry years until a series of winter storms drenched the state and dumped massive amounts of snow in the mountains. When the snow melted, it flowed down to form the reemerging Tulare Lake, which covered vast stretches of farmland with water. California has long tended toward wet and dry periods, but scientists at University of California, San Diego’s Scripps Institution of Oceanography have said they expect climate change will lead to drier dry years and wetter wet years.。    早在2017年，Climeworks就成为第一家从空气中吸出二氧化碳并将其作为产品出售的公司。那时，其名为Capricorn的直接空气捕集（DAC）工厂在瑞士Hinwil开业。除了作为Climeworks持续增长的基础，Capricorn的存在本身就是全新的碳清除行业的一个重要里程碑。五年后，Capricorn基本上是过时的气候技术。

B | Climeworks周四宣布，它“完成了其在Hinwil的DAC设施的商业运作阶段，导致其第一代技术的淘汰”。

C | 该公司没有立即回应The Verge关于这对工厂的未来意味着什么的问题--它是否会完全关闭或继续在线但放弃向其他公司出售二氧化碳。但Climeworks在其公告中明确表示，它现在优先考虑“扩大其永久性二氧化碳清除量”。而Capricorn 并不是为了永久清除大气中的温室气体而建造的。

D | 它开始向附近的一个温室提供二氧化碳，该温室用它来帮助种植蔬菜。然后，可口可乐HBC瑞士公司在2019年出现，并开始购买二氧化碳来对其气泡矿泉水进行碳酸化。据Climeworks称，这是第一次将直接空气捕集技术应用于饮料行业。

E | Capricorn向世界展示了直接从空气中捕获二氧化碳的技术可以在商业规模上发挥作用。

F | 挑战在于，打开瓶装苏打水最终会将二氧化碳释放回空气中。而作为示范项目开始的Capricorn，并没有捕捉到非常多的二氧化碳。为了真正对气候变化产生影响，大量的二氧化碳需要被抽出并永久储存。这就是Climeworks的最新努力的目标。2021年9月，该公司开设了迄今为止最大的直接空气捕集厂，名为Orca，与Capricorn每年捕集的几百吨二氧化碳相比，它能够每年从空气中去除4000吨二氧化碳。6月，Climeworks公司的Mammoth项目破土动工，预计其捕获的二氧化碳是Orca的9倍。Orca和Mammoth都位于冰岛Hellisheiði的战略位置--那里相对年轻的玄武岩层可以为捕获的二氧化碳提供充足的储存，就在捕获的设施附近。

G | 有趣的是，Climeworks在冰岛的业务仍然在Carbfix公司的帮助下制造一种气泡水，该公司与之合作储存二氧化碳。在从空气中过滤后（使用看起来像装满巨大风扇的集装箱），每吨二氧化碳与大约27吨水混合。然后，这些气泡水被注入地下，在那里它将与玄武岩发生反应，产生碳酸盐矿物。

H | 这个想法是，一旦碳酸水变成了坚硬的岩石，就不必担心二氧化碳逸出并加热我们的星球。在Capricorn之前，在实验室之外并没有太多的工作以这种方式解决气候变化问题。可以肯定的是，仍然有很长的路要走，以证明围绕着碳清除的技术、经济和政策能够足够一致，对气候危机产生重大影响。Capricorn的初步成功是这个旅程的一部分。现在，随着该设施退居二线，转而从事更持久的碳清除工作，Capricorn正标志着该行业的另一个转折点。

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